陶瓷物体是人类历史上最早的制造证据之一。有最古老的证据证明陶器的历史可以追溯到数万年,其用途从装饰物品或可能的宗教意义的数字到更实用的物品,例如锅和其他用于存放或烹饪的船只。用于陶瓷的原材料必威手机客户端差异很大,生产技术随着时间的推移而发展,所有这些都记录在生成的陶器,stone器或陶瓷材料中。
Understanding the types of raw materials, where they were sourced, and manufacturing practice used in ceramic production may be investigated in a number of ways – non-invasive techniques that allow characterization of the broad compositions (e.g., using handheld XRF), or compositions of individual components such as clay or temper (e.g., usinfg micro-XRF). However, to fully understand the levels of and changes to technologies used in ceramic production, microscopic investigations are commonly needed, using petrographic light microscopes or scanning electron microscopes. The latter allows imaging of details at the micrometer scale using backscatter or secondary electron images, and compositional analysis of even the finest components using energy dispersive or wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS or WDS, respectively).
在这里,我们介绍了墨西哥时代炉陶瓷的扫描电子显微镜研究的示例。在此期间,由粘土制成的坩埚用于在倒入铸件或其他模具之前冶炼原始的铜矿。通常使用吹管从上方加热的坩埚将热量最浓缩的矿石保存,并允许将杂质与原始矿石矿物分离。在血管的内壁上经历的高温(> 1000°C)导致富含粘土基质的重结晶和添加的其他成分以稳定陶器。随着蒸汽或二氧化碳被驱逐出来,挥发物的损失(例如,矿物质本身结合的晶间水和水可能会导致气泡的发展。此外,熔融矿石的组件可能会进入陶瓷壁,留下容器的原始目的。
使用Bruker的Compact EDS检测器,Quontax Q80,使用Bruker的Esprit软件,使用Bruker的紧凑型EDS检测器,Quontax Q80进行了反向散射电子(BSE)成像和组成映射。这些图像详细显示了船只外壁和内壁之间的质地和矿物学变化。这些过渡允许对墨西哥石器时代早期冶金学家采用的技术有了改进的了解。
在这里了解更多:
Marzia Gabriele,Fabien Convertini,Chrystele Verati,Bernard Gratuze,Suzanne Jacomet,Giovanni Boschian,Gilles Durrenmath,Jean Guilaine,Jean-Marc Lardeaux,Louise Gomart,Louise Gomart,Louise Gomart,Claire Manen,Didier Binder Binder Binder Binder Binder Binder Binder Binder Binder Binder Binder Binder Binder
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 28, 102050, 2019