核磁共振可以帮助解决的新精神路径替换ances

Like many countries, Germany has had to contend with the rise of designer drugs or new psychoactive substances (NPS) since the emergence of ‘Spice’ in 2008. The suppliers of these drugs exploit loopholes in the law that mean that newly emerging compounds that have not yet been identified and scheduled by the authorities are not illegal. This is despite many of these closely mimicking the structure and effects of existing drugs.

NP的不利后果可能很严重，包括死亡。令人担忧的是，由于他们的“法律”身份，他们被认为对缺乏经验的吸毒者特别有吸引力。

Consequently, many countries like Germany have introduced new legislation to deal specifically with NPS that can categorize substances as illegal, even if they have not yet been identified by the authorities. Some countries, like the United Kingdom and Ireland, have adopted the approach of categorizing substances by their psychoactive effects. Germany, along with countries such as Croatia and Turkey, have chosen to categorize substances by their structural features.

A recent study by researchers from the Technische Universität Braunschweig (Ernst et al. 2019) used NMR to characterize a newly described NPS prevalent in drug samples purchased online.

该团队从四家德国语言在线商店中获得了15种“香料般”草药混合物。气相色谱 - 质谱法鉴定了来自样品的三种独立的活性成分，其中两种已经知道。但是，在15个样品中有12个包含先前未描述的化合物。他们使用包括NMR在内的一系列技术对这种物质进行5F-柠檬基 - 甲基酮进行了进一步的审讯。

The team used a Bruker AVANCE spectrometer equipped with a TCI triple resonance ‘inverse’ probe to analyze the newly identified compound. The data showed that 5F-Cumyl-PeGaClone was closely related to the previously described Cumyl-PeGaClone, with only minor structural differences. It is also structurally similar to 5F-ADB, which had recently been scheduled under Germany’s main narcotics law, and appeared in only one of the 15 samples obtained online.

However, the structural elements common to 5F-Cumyl-PeGaClone and 5F-ADB had not yet been listed under the NPS-specific law, meaning that distributors of the new compound were successfully exploiting a loophole that meant this new compound was not yet covered by any of the country’s legislation.

研究人员说，结果强调了NPS带来的健康风险。

“As observed over the years, there is still a very high health risk for consumers of these products,” the team writes inForensic Science International. They note that at least one of the samples was labeled as ‘Spice’ despite being quite different from the original 2008 product.

“这再次，根据早期经验和不可预见的效果，最终用户的健康风险增加了，因为不知名的新活性成分的意识不足。”

They noted that the samples contained a variety of potencies, which ranged from 17 to 76 mg/G, with no indication of this variation on the packaging for the user. However, in a sign that the problem of NPS is unlikely to disappear soon, the data also demonstrated how lucrative the business of distributing such products can be, potentially providing up to a 42-fold return on investment.

总结，NMR是明确识别和量化未知物质（例如新出现的NP）的关键方法。为了与布鲁克（Bruker）在科学枢纽和当地实验室的台式枢纽和台式傅立叶80光谱仪上使用地板站立的NEO NMR光谱仪相互连接的法医实验室的愿景，可以使执法机构有效地应对这一威胁。在两类NMR光谱仪上使用非常相同的行业标准NMR软件Topspin的非凡协同效应为远程交换数据，经验和知识打开了大门。通过在Bruker的台式模型上使用可配置的按钮，非Expert软件界面GO-SCAN的使用，NMR的应用进一步消除了。这一独特的功能创建了一个分布式的实验室拓扑，可以在任何地方进行NMR，因此可以有效地与NP的传播作用。布鲁克（Bruker）与全球领先的执法机构合作，通过打破这种趋势来保护人口。

参考

• Halter S, Haschimi B, Mogler L, et al. Impact of legislation on NPS markets in Germany – the rise and fall of 5F-ADB. Drug Testing & Analysis 2020; doi: 10.1002/dta.2786.
• Kraemer M, Boehmer A, Madea B, et al. Death cases involving certain new psychoactive substances: A review of the literature. Forensic Science International 2019; 298: 186-267. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.021.
• Ernst L, Langer N, Bockelmann A, et al. Identification and quantification of synthetic cannabinoids in ‘spice-like’ herbal mixtures: Update of the German situation in summer 2018.Forensic Science International 2019; 294: 96-102. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.11.001.