从大麻垃圾中提取高价值产品

从大麻垃圾中提取高价值产品

大麻（大麻苜蓿）为其纤维（韧皮纤维）和可食用种子以及一些药品[1]。当韧皮纤维与大麻茎分开时，剩下的是称为大麻喘息。这些木质残留物是HEMP茎的最小值部分，并且作为纤维生产的副产物，即使它们代表了大麻植物的最大部分。大麻HURDS可用于各种应用，如动物床上用品，建筑材料和花园覆盖[2]，但它们仍然被认为是浪费。必威手机客户端

Slow Pyrolysis
However, thermochemical processing of hemp hurds can produce some high-value products. One particular thermochemical process called slow pyrolysis can be used to convert hemp hurds into biochar, liquids (distillates), and gases [3]. These are produced in approximately equal amounts, although the process conditions can be adjusted to maximize the yield of a particular fraction.

Slow pyrolysis is usually used to convert biomass into biochar, a type of carbon-rich charcoal that is used as a soil improver or to store carbon. Liquid distillates are also produced, but they are considered a by-product and are often burned or dumped. However, these liquid distillates contain bioactive compounds and could be collected to generate additional income.

在该研究中，通过在不同温度下的缓慢热解[5]，热处理并将四必威东盟体育种类型的工业大麻喘扰并转化为液体馏出物[5]。该团队研究了馏分的化学成分，以鉴定可能的有价值的分子或分子基团。他们认为这是第一次通过这种方式研究大型样品（千克）。以前的研究专注于小型实验室规模样本（克）[4]。

作者使用室温的相对低的过程温度下使用缓慢热解，从室温达到350˚C的最大工作温度，从慢热解。它们在缓慢热解过程的三个阶段收集原料馏分（干燥，烘焙，烘焙和热解）。

样本的详细分析
采用各种分析技术研究样品。这些包括傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱，一维（1D）和二维（2D）核磁共振（NMR）光谱，液相色谱 - 高分辨率质谱（LC-HRMS）和二维气体色谱 - 质谱（2D GC-MS）。例如，使用FTIR光谱学用于获得关于所有HEMP剩余馏分馏分的官能团的信息。使用配备有衰减的全反射金刚石的Bruker的αFTIR光谱仪测量所有光谱，敏感的2×2mm金刚石晶体表面和样品室RT-DLATGS。

该团队首次识别并测量了一些潜在的有价值的分子。分析显示出不同馏分中化合物浓度的显着差异。相关化合物来自三种不同的HEMP肺样品，尤其是渗出和热解相馏分馏分在100℃以下冷凝。

Acetic acid was the main component of all samples. Other interesting compounds included guaiacol and syringol derivatives such as 2,6- Dimethoxyphenol, guaiacol (2-Methoxyphenol), vanillin, and eugenol.
Most of these compounds are expensive to make because they appear in low concentrations in distillates, which means they must be separated and purified (although several modern scalable techniques are available). Such compounds could be used as purified products for nutritional, pharmaceutical, and agricultural purposes. Vanillin and eugenol, for example, are used as ingredients by the functional food and pharmaceutical sectors.
The authors estimate that one ton of hurds (€200 at current prices) would produce about 300 kg biochar (worth around €400 at current prices). It would also produce about 40 kg of acetic acid, the main compound in the distillates, worth around €100 as a bulk product. One ton of hurds would generate around 1.3 kg of 1-hydroxybutan-2-one, the most expensive of the minor distillate compounds. In principle, this could be purified to higher than 95% purity and sold for €1300–6500. 1-hydroxybutan-2-one is often used as a flavor or fragrance agent.

Conclusion
本研究为木材馏分的化学分析提供了有用的基线数据，尤其是HEMP HURD馏出物。它还显示出通过利用缓慢的热解产生来自大麻血管的高价值产物，以产生含有潜在有用成分的生物炭和馏出物的产生高价值产物。整个过程可以优化，以产生最有价值的产品，不同的因素，如温度，加热率和停留时间。进一步加工馏出物将涉及分离和纯化方法，例如短路径蒸馏和离心分配色谱。研究人员建议进一步研究，以便通过考虑净化过程成本和高价值化学品的市场价值和市场，以及一般的业务潜力，评估经济潜力。
布鲁克offers the broadest range of analytical techniques used in the emerging global Cannabis Industry already today. The portfolio includes benchtop and floor-standing NMR, optical methods like FTIR and Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. This makes Bruker the only end-to-end solution provider with applications tagging into every stage of the Cannabis value chain. We enable our customers to generate new revenue streams and reduce waste.

布鲁克does not support, encourage, or intend that its products or services be used in connection with any illegal use, cultivation or trade of cannabis or cannabis products. Bruker products are intended to be used only in compliance with all applicable laws in a manner that promotes public safety and in connection with any lawful and approved scientific or medical research activities.

参考
[1] Cherney, J.H. et al, (2016). Industrial Hemp in North America: Production, Politics and Potential. Agronomy.
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/6/4/58
[2] Carus，M.和Sarmento，L.，（2016）欧洲大麻行业：纤维，Shivs，种子和鲜花的栽培，加工和应用。eiha。
https://eiha.org/media/2016/05/16-05-17-European-Hemp-Industry-2013.pdf
[3] Amini, E. et al, (2019) Characterization of pyrolysis products from slow pyrolysis of live and dead vegetation native to the southern United States. Fuel.
https://www.sciencearirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/s0016236118314832.
[4] Branca, C. et al, (2017) Experimental analysis about the exploitation of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) in pyrolysis. Fuel Processing Technology.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382016310372
[5] Salami, A. et al, (2020) Complementary chemical characterization of distillates obtained from industrial hemp hurds by thermal processing. Industrial Crops and Products.
https://www.scienceardirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/s0926669020306774?via%3dihub