Neuroscience

Cerebral Ischaemia In Vivo

查找有关体内脑缺血的更多信息

Imaging Techniques for Assessing the Effects of Cerebral Ischaemia In Vivo

脑缺血

脑缺血是中风的最常见原因,这是全球成人永久残疾的主要原因1,2当服务大脑的血管被阻断或破裂而剥夺了足够的氧气和养分时,就会发生这种情况。因此,大脑的受影响区域无法正常工作,并且它控制的身体功能受到损害,从而导致各种残疾,例如降低流动性和协调性和言语受损。

Despite advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, there are few therapeutic options2。The majority of treatments are centered on reperfusion of the affected area of the brain to restore the supply of oxygen to the deprived cells and enable normal function to resume as quickly as possible.

尽管脑缺血的发病机理涉及几种不同的机制,但认为脑组织的炎症被认为是确定不可逆脑损伤和相关残疾程度的关键因素3。Increases in the levels of inflammatory markers have been found to correlate with poor outcome after cerebral ischemia. The molecular basis of the inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia is poorly understood, but a role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has been indicated4

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

配体门控的NACHR是离子通道,在整个周围和中枢神经系统中广泛表达。这组被称为α7的受体的亚型存在于一系列不同的脑细胞中,包括皮质神经元,小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞,在其中在控制多种生理反应的控制中起着至关重要的作用,例如注意力,记忆,记忆,记忆,记忆,和运动5

α7受体与精神分裂症,阿尔茨海默氏病和创伤性脑损伤有关。此外,刺激α7受体似乎可提供针对缺血性损伤和脑出血的神经元保护6,7

因此,进一步阐明这些受体的功能可能有助于减少脑缺血患者和脑部疾病患者的脑炎症并改善预后。为了研究这些受体的作用,有必要研究它们in vivo现在,复杂的成像技术已经使这成为可能。

Cerebral imaging

正电子发射断层扫描(PET)成像和磁共振成像(MRI)是可视化神经和神经退行性疾病影响的强大工具in vivo。由于这些成像技术不会干扰身体的正常功能,因此可以重复几次以评估效果。

针对α7受体的选择性PET放射性示踪剂使这些受体的分布得以可视化。尽管此类研究强调了α7NACHR在脑疾病中的作用,但尚未确定NACHR中NACHR在神经炎症反应中的作用。

烟碱受体在脑缺血中的作用

为了纠正这一差距在理解大脑缺血中的NACHRS参与中,在大鼠模型中研究了α7受体表达的变化,在诱导了90分钟的中部脑内脑闭塞大脑中的脑缺血后,在大鼠模型中研究了α7受体的表达变化。8

Rats with cerebral ischemia were treated with the α7 nAChRs agonist PHA 568487 or control and the effects visualized byin vivo宠物成像与[11C] NS14492作为放射性示踪剂。使用7特斯拉水平钻孔Bruker Biospec 70/30 MRI系统进行MRI,以监测血脑屏障的渗透性。探索了转运蛋白的特异性放射线([[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[18F] DPA-714)脑缺血后7天。实时聚合酶链反应用于评估基因表达的变化。

在脑缺血后,在小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞中观察到α7受体的表达增加。α7受体在对脑缺血的神经炎症反应中的作用得到了[18F]DPA-714 binding in ischemic rats treated with PHA 568487. In addition, treatment with PHA 568487 significantly reduced cerebral infarct volumes and improved neurological outcomes compared with control. Activation of α7 nAChRs had no influence on blood brain barrier permeability8

综上所述,这些结果表明,烟碱α7NACHR在大鼠脑缺血后的炎症反应和白细胞募集中起关键作用

It is hoped that the new information obtained in this study supporting the involvement of α7 nAChRs in the development of neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia may facilitate the development of novel strategies to reduce disability after ischemic stroke and treatments to reduce the burden of other neurological diseases.

References

1.Anuncibay-Soto B, et al。神经保护的萨尔ubrinal treatment in global cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2016;11:1744‑1745.

2。Donnan GA, et al. Stroke. Lancet. 2008, 371: 1612‑1623. .

3. Muir KW等。炎症和缺血性中风。Curr Opin Neurol。2007; 20:334‑342。

4. De Jonge WJ和Ulloa L.α7烟碱乙酰胆碱受体作为炎症的药理靶标。英国药理学杂志2007; 151(7),915–929。

5。Neumann S, et al. Innate immunity and inflammation post-stroke: An alpha7-nicotinic agonist perspective. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2015;16(12),29029–29046.

6. Shimohama S, et al. Nicotinic alpha 7 receptors protect against glutamate neurotoxicity and neuronal ischemic damage. Brain Research1998;779:359–363.

7. Hijioka M, et al. Therapeutic effect of nicotine in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2011;338(3):741–749.

8.ColásL等。A7烟碱受体的体内成像是一种新的方法,可以在脑缺血后监测神经炎症。Glia 2018; 1-14。可用的here

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