聚合物和塑料制造

TD-NMR技术已被证明是替代常规方法并减少劳动时间的可靠且可行的替代方法。聚合物字段中的关键QC/QA应用程序包括：

• 二甲苯可溶性和乙烯含量
• Density and crystallinity in PE
• PS和ABS中的油和橡胶含量

The advantages of TD-NMR analysis compared to classical methods are speed and accuracy of analysis. Samples can be either liquid, powder, pellet, film or plate, and the measurement takes only a few seconds. TD-NMR analysis can even be performed in-situ for a wide temperature range, from -100 °C to +200 °C, which is essential for polymer analysis.

Further TD-NMR Applications: Determination of cross-link density in elastomers; plasticizers, additives, and monomer fractions in polymers; Solid content in emulsions and Latex; Soft coatings on polymers; Oil and water content; Fluorine content in polymers; Copolymers and degree of polymerization; Ageing and irradiation induced effects.

Petrochemical companies were at the top of the field in the early stages of NMR’s adoption into the many industries it has become a key part of. However, these companies are now often branching out into polymers, a huge area in which NMR finds widespread and regular application.
随着主要的聚合物制造商使用NMR进行材料分析，这为研究和开发全新聚合物的开发奠定了道路。必威手机客户端

Infrared spectroscopy (IR)用于识别和表征聚合物。它提供有关聚合物本身，填充剂，添加剂，混合物和结晶度的信息。

In addition, IR spectroscopy is established for quality control of industrially produced polymers and raw materials. Examples are the differentiation between HD-PE and LD-PE or the deformulation of a copolymer or blend into its individual components.

• Time for analysis is less than 1 min
• Qualitative and quantitative evaluation
  
• Easily applicable even by untrained personnel
  

Mass spectrometryoffers a unique depth of characterization for many diverse polymer classes关于传入商品或合成QC。This includesbulk material screens, pharmaceutical development, or finished surface analyses.

MALDI-TOF MS offers determination of the mostimportant聚合物的特征值，包括绝对average molecular weights (M_n and M_w), dispersity Đ, degree of polymerization, and the mass of the combined end groups, may also be automatically calculatedin afast and versatile workflow.

Even similar polymeric componentsin one samplemay be easily distinguished by help ofkendrick Mass Defect plots.

A surface-layer matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging technique (SL-MALDI-MSI) can be used to study the chemical composition of polymer surfaces with multicomponents.

与聚合物组件的合成材料表面在几种工业和医学过程中很重要。必威东盟体育这些都是印刷，涂料和生物医学设备的应用以及其他应用。在这些过程中，化学组成的一致性至关重要。材料的质量很容易破坏生产，这些材料可以赋予表面缺陷，例如磨损，降解，对其他材料的污染等等。必威手机客户端

为了研究这些材料表面的MALDI矩阵和阳离子盐被应用于材料上以进行分析。可以测量具有大约几个nm的深度分辨率的表面特异性分析。例如，可以分析聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚甲基甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）薄膜的表面缺陷，可以分析由污染，掩盖，刮擦/磨损和溶剂化引起的薄膜。

Near infrared spectroscopyis used for the quantification of quality relevant parameters in polymers like OH-number, acid or amine value to name a few. As innovative analytical methods are of great economic interest, NIR is becoming more and more established for the monitoring of polymer production processes. Many companies start to replace conventional at-line analysis methods by spectroscopic online tools.

An increased speed of analytical processes and decreased maintenance costs offer a high savings potential. The great amount of information delivered by the NIR spectra allow a simultaneous high-precision analysis of many different components and system parameters such as density, viscosity, degree of cross-linking, stabilizer as well as monomer content and many others.

• 实时评估该过程的分子基础。
• Fiber-coupled probe heads measure straight into the area of interest

Photo-curablepolymerS广泛用于汽车，消费电子，印刷，以及涂料行业，因为它们具有多功能性能。可治愈的最重要特征polymerS是治愈的速度和最终产品的转换程度。

Time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy is an excellentanalytical tool to measure these parameters.The degree of conversion and the speedof cure can be measured within a fewseconds using fast scanningspectrometer. Conversion kinetics are easily calculated from the乐队强度与光线下的时间exposure.

Cost cutting or non-availability of certain componentscan lead to changes在供应链中没有注意到客户until下游product fails.A simple quality control of incoming goods using a well-established TLC chromatography might not总是show the full picture: Spotscan重叠，因此，cannot be distinguished bysimple staining即使使用了2D-TLC。TLCMALDI-TOF质谱法为分析提供了一个额外的维度，可以清楚地将所有组件分开a 1-D- or 2-D-TLC-plate.

The failure of polymer and plastic materials often is caused by the inhomogeneous distribution of the used components inside the polymeric material. Furthermore, contaminations like particles, fibers or inclusions may be the reason for its failure.

由于这些缺陷通常非常小，因此很难或甚至不可能通过宏观测量进行分析。FT-IR显微镜是实现故障分析的强大工具：它允许以高侧分辨率在样品上的任何地方获得IR-Spectra，从而揭示了该特定样品区域的化学组成。

• 构图错误
• 夹杂物和污染
• 盛开和条纹
  

A polymer is a macromolecule that is made up of long chains of repeating subunits. The composition, structure, and form of the polymer determine its properties and therefore proper characterization of these parameters is critical. Polymers are often synthesized into fibers, sheets, and other solid forms. The properties of these types of polymers are strongly influenced by their crystallinity, crystal structure, and texture which can be investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). As these types of polymers typically have large d-spacings, low X-ray absorption, and some preferred orientation (texture), transmission scattering utilizing a 2D detector is an ideal way to characterize these samples.

Polymers are used to create items of all shapes, sizes and intended uses. From the milk jugs to cell phone components created with methods ranging from injection molding to 3D printing, polymers continue to shape the world around us. Ensuring that these components fulfill their intended roles requires access to cutting edge techniques like X-ray Microscopy. XRM allows non-destructive three dimensional imaging of both the interior and exterior structure of polymer components. Whether the task is ensuring the internal/ external part dimensions, checking for voids, or analyzing the mode of failure, XRM plays an essential role in polymer engineering.